Linux basic commands for Every User
Introduction
How to Check Your Ubuntu Version
lsb_release -a
Explanation:
This command provides detailed information about your Ubuntu distribution, including the release number and codename. It is particularly useful for verifying the exact version of Ubuntu you have installed.
How to Check Linux Distribution Information
Sometimes, you may need to know not just the Ubuntu version, but also specific details about the Linux distribution you are using.
Command:
cat /etc/*release
Explanation:
This command reads and displays the contents of files related to the system's release information. It is a quick way to identify the distribution and version of Linux, especially when working with different distributions.
How to Check CPU Information
Knowing the specifications of your CPU is important for optimizing performance and ensuring compatibility with software.
Command:
cat /proc/cpuinfo
Explanation:
This command provides a comprehensive overview of your CPU, including details such as the model name, number of cores, and clock speed. It's a useful tool for assessing the processing power of your system.
How to Check PCI Devices
If you need to see what PCI devices are installed on your system, the following command will help.
Command:
Explanation:
This command displays detailed information about all PCI buses and devices connected to your system, including graphics cards, network adapters, and storage controllers. It's particularly useful when troubleshooting hardware issues or configuring device drivers.
How to List All USB Devices
USB devices are ubiquitous in modern computing. Knowing how to list them can help in diagnosing connectivity issues or managing peripheral devices.
Command:
Explanation:
This command lists all USB buses and devices connected to them, providing details such as the device ID, vendor, and product name. It's an essential tool for managing USB peripherals.
How to Get PC Name from IP Address
If you need to find the hostname of a device from its IP address, Linux provides several commands to help.
Commands:
or
Explanation:
These commands query the network for NetBIOS names associated with the IP address, returning the hostname of the device. This is particularly useful in network diagnostics and management.
How to Check Connected Users
Monitoring who is logged into your server is important for security and resource management.
Command:
who -H
Explanation:
This command displays a list of logged-in users along with their terminal sessions, login times, and originating IP addresses. It's a simple yet effective way to monitor user activity on your server.
How to Check Number of Processor Cores
Understanding the number of processor cores in your system is important for performance tuning and software compatibility.
Command:
nproc
Explanation:
This command returns the number of processing units available on your system, which is crucial information for tasks that require multi-threading or high computational power.
How to Check Full CPU Information
For a more detailed summary of your CPU, including architecture and capabilities, use the following command.
Command:
Explanation:
This command displays detailed CPU architecture information, including the number of CPUs, threads, cores, and sockets. It's an indispensable tool for system administrators and developers who need to optimize system performance.
How to Create a New User
Managing users is a core function in any Linux environment. Here’s how to create a new user and assign the necessary privileges.
Commands for Creating a User:
Commands for Assigning Sudo Privileges:
For CentOS:
For Ubuntu:
echo "huupv ALL=(ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
Explanation:
The adduser command creates a new user, and passwd sets the password. For CentOS, usermod adds the user to the wheel group, granting sudo privileges. For Ubuntu, you need to edit the /etc/sudoers file to allow the user to execute commands as the superuser.
How to Find UUID of a Disk
The UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) of a disk is essential for tasks like mounting filesystems and configuring fstab.
Commands:
or
Explanation:
These commands display the UUIDs and file system types of the disk partitions. This information is crucial for managing disk partitions and ensuring that filesystems are mounted correctly.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between lsb_release and cat /etc/*release?
lsb_release is a command specifically designed to report Ubuntu distribution details, while cat /etc/*release reads files that provide broader information about the Linux distribution, which can be useful across different Linux variants.
Why should I know how many cores my processor has?
Knowing the number of cores helps in optimizing performance and ensuring that your system can handle specific software requirements, particularly those involving parallel processing.
How can I find out which USB devices are connected?
Using the lsusb command lists all USB devices connected to your system, providing details such as device IDs and vendor names, which are helpful for troubleshooting and managing peripherals.
Conclusion
Mastering these basic Linux commands will significantly enhance your ability to manage and optimize your system. Whether you are checking system information, managing users, or troubleshooting hardware, these commands are foundational tools in the Linux environment. As you continue to explore Linux, these commands will serve as a strong foundation, empowering you to perform more advanced tasks with confidence.
By consistently applying these commands in your daily Linux operations, you will develop a deeper understanding of your system, enabling you to navigate and manage it more effectively. Thank you for reading the huuphan.com page!
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